How does "turnLeft();" affect Karel's facing direction?

When Karel executes the "turnLeft();" command, it turns Karel counter-clockwise by 90 degrees. This means that if Karel is facing north, after the command, Karel will be facing west. This behavior is fundamental to understanding Karel's movement and orientation in the grid world. The left turn is consistent and reliable, allowing users to predict Karel's new facing direction based on the current direction before the turn.

In contrast, the other options describe different types of rotations that do not occur with the "turnLeft();" command. For example, a clockwise turn or a 180-degree rotation would result in different orientations that do not align with the result of a left turn.