How can Karel perform actions conditionally?

Karel can perform actions conditionally by implementing if statements. These statements allow Karel to make decisions based on specific conditions being true or false. For instance, Karel can check if there is a wall in front of it or if it has a certain number of beepers. If the condition evaluated by the if statement is true, Karel executes the corresponding action; if it’s false, it can either do nothing or execute an alternative action if specified. This structure provides Karel with the ability to adapt its movements and operations based on its surroundings or internal state, making its behavior more flexible and intelligent.

Other methods mentioned, like random inputs or setting timers, don’t provide a logical framework for Karel to make decisions based on specific conditions, while defining multiple functions can help organize code but does not inherently introduce conditional logic.